HIV: Antiretroviral drugs may save uninfected partner

Antiretroviral drugs can provide a high level of protection against HIV for uninfected people in heterosexual couples in which the other partner has HIV, according to a new study.

The study included more than 1,100 HIV-uninfected people in Uganda who had a partner with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The participants were given antiretroviral drugs and received counseling support throughout the study to help them adhere to their drug regimen.

The drug adherence rate was 97 per cent to 99 per cent in the study, which was published in the journal PLoS Medicine.

After an average follow-up period of 11 months, just 14 of the participants became infected with HIV, according to a journal news release.

The findings provide further proof that strict adherence to what is called antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis offers high levels of protection to uninfected people, said Jessica Haberer, of Harvard Medical School, and colleagues.

The researchers said several previous studies in various groups (such as men who have sex with men, or women at high risk for HIV) have shown that taking antiretroviral drugs provided uninfected people with varying levels of protection against HIV.

One possible explanation for the range of findings is different levels of adherence to the antiretroviral drugs, the researchers said.

“Proper support and assessment of adherence will be critical for determining efficacy of [pre-exposure prophylaxis] outside of clinical trials,” the study authors wrote.

“This data will be important for guiding ethical decisions about resource allocation for both prevention and treatment of HIV.”

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation funded the study.

PUNCH